Event-Based Supply Chain Network Modeling: Blockchain for Good Coffee

Blockchain and distributed ledger technology (BC/DLT) provides databases with decentralized governance, tamper-proof recording, high availability non-copyable digital assets, which have made it a natural technological basis for supply chain management. In this paper, we introduce REALISTIC, novel event-based modeling framework networks (SCNs) that includes production processes . It extends McCarty’s Resources-Events-Agents (REA) accounting model secure transformations , which, across the entire SCN, guarantee certified output resources cannot be digitally produced ex nihilo but require input of at least same amount as what is produced. This generalizes no-double-spend current BC/DLT to (digital twins of) physical their production. Authenticated human or robotic Internet Things (IoT) actors sign cryptographically commit veracity real-world events on an immutable database, without having take responsibility aggregate consequences. User-specifiable interpretations, corresponding queries analytical functions in database systems, provide auditable information computed from recorded SCN. fine-grained trustworthy tracing final products through multiple stages processes, semi-finished products, quality certifications transportation all way back raw materials. We present case study end-to-end coffee tracks detailed farmer’s cherries retail bags, involving its actors. Our handles product provenance; sustainability, trade information; parchment via green roasted coffee; tests; farmer certifications; chain. based field work farmers, cooperatives, processors, traders, importers, major roasting company stretching Colombia Scandinavia. Its REALISTIC-based foundation design our prototype implementation, Ethereum blockchain code, RDBMS-based server code web app client. Their source publicly available GitHub.